Study of the Effect of COVID-19 on Nurses' Job Burnout and its Consequences

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, nurses experience a high workload and stressful psychological stimuli that affect their mental and emotional health, which may lead to burnout symptoms. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the effect of COVID-19 on nurses' job burnout and investigate its consequences. Method(s): The present study is an applied descriptive study, and data collection was performed using surveys. The study was conducted on 107 nurses working in Shahid Mohammadi and Khalij-e-Fars hospitals of Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan. The level of job burnout was measured using the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), job satisfaction by Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, and depression by Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The data were analyzed via structural equation modeling by PLS 3 software. Result(s): Overall, the mean job burnout level was higher than the average (3.45). The results, at the 95% confidence level and the significance value of > 1.96, showed that poor organizational resources and traumatic events have a direct and significant effect on nurses' job burnout;however, the impact of workload on job burnout was not confirmed. The results also showed that nurses' job burnout has a direct and significant relevance with depression, job dissatisfaction, and low quality of care. Conclusion(s): Poor organizational resources and traumatic events increased job burnout. Job burnout increased depression, and also reduced job satisfaction and quality of care. Situational and personal factors have a significant role in decreasing nurses' job burnout. It is necessary to provide a better work environment, good intrapersonal relationships, and personal skills training courses.Copyright © 2023 The Author(s);Published by Kerman University of Medical Sciences.

A study of burnout and associated factors in Irish GPs and GP trainees during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, burnout among Irish GPs was estimated at 6.6% using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Associated factors were male gender, younger age and early career status. During the COVID-19 pandemic burnout frequency was reported as high as 76% in medical residents in Romania and doctors in Northern Italy. In the US burnout was seen in 46.3% of physician trainees exposed to the virus at work while in China, burnout was noted in 13% of frontline healthcare staff. Research question: This study aims to measure burnout and associated factors in Irish GPs and GP Registrars during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method(s): A cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire, comprising of the 16-item Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and a 24-item novel demographic and wellbeing questionnaire that was designed to assess demographic, personal, practice and health system related factors that may be associated with burnout. Data collection was conducted from January to April 2021. Data was analysed using SPSS v27. Result(s): A total of 153 of the 172 responses received were suitable for calculating burnout inventories. OLBI subtotal scores for disengagement and exhaustion were high in 9.8% and 12.7%, respectively. The total OLBI score was elevated in 12.1% respondents. High OLBI scores were most strongly associated (p<0.01) with less downtime, less sleep, less family time and a fear of colleagues being off work with COVID-19. Female gender was associated with higher total OLBI scores. Conclusion(s): High OLBI total scores were associated with several factors. Most notable were the effects of the pandemic on practitioner well-being outside of work. Fear of the effects of colleagues being off work with COVID-19 was also associated with higher burnout scores. Further evaluation is required to investigate the nature of the relationship between these factors and burnout.

Correlation between psychological resilience and burnout syndrome in oncologists amid the Covid-19 pandemic.

PURPOSE: Oncologists are predisposed to developing burnout syndrome. Like other health care professionals worldwide, oncologists have endured additional, extreme challenges during the Covid-19 pandemic. Psychological resilience presents a potential protective mechanism against burnout. This cross-sectional study examines whether psychological resilience eased burnout syndrome among Croatian oncologists during the pandemic. METHODS: An anonymized self-reporting questionnaire was electronically distributed by the Croatian Society for Medical Oncology to 130 specialist and resident oncologists working in hospitals. Available for completion from September 6-24, 2021, the survey comprised demographic questions; the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI), covering exhaustion and disengagement; and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS). The response rate was 57.7%. RESULTS: Burnout was moderate or high for 86% of respondents, while 77% had moderate or high psychological resilience. Psychological resilience was significantly negatively correlated with the OLBI exhaustion subscale (r = - .54; p < 0.001) and the overall OLBI score (r = - .46; p < 0.001). Scheffe's post hoc test showed that oncologists with high resilience scored significantly lower on the overall OLBI (M = 2.89; SD = 0.487) compared to oncologists with low resilience (M = 2.52; SD = 0.493). CONCLUSION: The findings thus indicate that oncologists with high psychological resilience are at significantly lower risk of developing burnout syndrome. Accordingly, convenient measures to encourage psychological resilience in oncologists should be identified and implemented.

Burnout and Well-Being of Triple Board and Post Pediatric Portal Alumni

Objectives: The first graduates from the integrated Pediatrics, Adult Psychiatry, and Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, or Triple Board (TB), began their careers in 1991. The last survey of career outcomes occurred in 2009. Since that time, another pathway to child and adolescent psychiatry was developed, the Post Pediatric Portal Program (PPPP). We surveyed TB and PPPP graduates regarding their satisfaction with their training, current burnout, and wellness. Method(s): Participants were invited to participate via email snowball recruitment. Validated surveys measured both burnout and well-being, including the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and the Psychological Well-Being (SPARQ) Scale. Participants were also asked about their professional satisfaction and demographics. All study protocols were reviewed and approved by the University of Kentucky IRB. Result(s): There were 104 eligible participants who completed the survey between September and December 2021. Most respondents (56.7%) were under age 44 years;70.2% identified as male, 76.9% were White, and 6.7% were PPPP graduates. Ninety-eight percent reported satisfaction with their decision to train in TB or PPPP. Mean burnout was 2.4 on a scale of 1 to 4. Mean psychological well-being was 6.0 on a scale of 1 to 7. There was a significant and negative correlation between well-being and burnout. Females experienced a significantly higher level of burnout than males. Individuals aged 25 to 44 years reported a significantly higher level of burnout than those aged 45 to 74. Conclusion(s): The majority of graduates report satisfaction with their training in TB or PPPP and high levels of well-being. Burnout among TB and PPPP graduates is similar to those of other specialties, including that women and younger physicians have higher burnout. Limitations include the sample size and low representation from PPPP graduates, although it is currently unknown how many TB/PPPP graduates there are in the United States. Recruitment was limited to email and word of mouth, which may not reflect TB or PPPP graduates as a whole. This is also a cross-sectional sample at 1 time point during the COVID-19 pandemic, which may have impacted burnout. Future studies may compare the rates of burnout, well-being, and satisfaction with those of other specialties, especially categorical psychiatry and pediatrics. AC, WL, CAD Copyright © 2022

ISLEEPFIRST: BURNOUT, FATIGUE, AND SLEEP DEPRIVATION AMONG RESIDENTS STAFFING THE MEDICAL ICU DURING COVID-19

SESSION TITLE: Late Breaking Pulmonary and Education Topics Posters SESSION TYPE: Original Investigation Posters PRESENTED ON: 10/18/2022 01:30 pm - 02:30 pm PURPOSE: Healthcare professionals working in intensive care units (ICU) report high burnout levels, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Residents are particularly at risk for burnout and sleep deprivation, associated with increased medical errors. However, the relationship between sleep, burnout, and psychomotor vigilance has not been extensively studied in residents working in the medical ICU. METHODS: Fifty residents rotating in the ICU at an academic, tertiary care center were recruited for a prospective controlled trial during a consecutive four-week period from August 2021 – May 2022. Study parameters for two weeks in non-ICU rotations were compared with two week during ICU rotation. Residents wore a wearable sleep tracker for two weeks before and during their ICU rotation. ICU rotation dates were randomized based on a fixed annual schedule. Residents ranged in post-graduate training years one through four. Specialties included internal medicine, transitional year, emergency medicine, anesthesia, and medicine/pediatrics combined residency. Data collected included the Oldenburg burnout inventory score, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), a computer-based psychomotor vigilance test, American Academy of Sleep Medicine sleep diary, and wearable sleep tracker data. Statistical analysis was performed in Excel and R statistical software. RESULTS: Total sleep minutes detected by the wearable sleep-tracker decreased from 402 minutes (95% CI: 377-427) before ICU to 389 minutes (95%CI: 360-418) during ICU (p<0.05). Residents overestimated the amount of sleep they obtained via their validated daily log at 464 (95% CI: 452-476) minutes before ICU and 442 (95% CI: 430-454) minutes during ICU, which reflected a decrease in sleep of 22 minutes (p<0.02). ESS increased significantly from 5.93 (95% CI: 4.89, 7.07) before to 8.33 (95% CI: 7.09,9.58) during ICU (p<0.01). Oldenburg burnout inventory scores significantly increased during ICU by 8.30 (p<0.001). The total score before ICU was 34.50 (95% CI: 32.87-36.15) and after was 42.82 (95% CI: 40.65-44.98). Exhaustion and disengagement sub-scores significantly increased during ICU (3.94, 4.64, respectively;p<0.001). Interestingly, psychomotor vigilance testing scores showed no significant difference during ICU. CONCLUSIONS: ICU rotations are associated with significantly reduced sleep as objectively measured by sleep wearable and decreased self-reported sleep minutes. Residents overestimate the amount of sleep they obtain. Significant worsening of ESS was noted along with increased burnout in residents working in the ICU. Interestingly, the psychomotor testing remains unchanged. Further research is needed in this area to better understand this phenomenon. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Residents may benefit from increased mandatory wellness events or days off to combat burnout and fatigue while in the ICU. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Varun Badami No relevant relationships by Danielle DeCicco No relevant relationships by Abhinav Mittal No relevant relationships by Christopher Pham No relevant relationships by Steven Sagun No relevant relationships by Sunil Sharma No relevant relationships by Robert Stansbury No relevant relationships by Jesse Thompson

RELATIONSHIP OF RELIGIOSITY TO BURNOUT, DEPRESSION, AND ANXIETY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN A UNIVERSITY SETTING

SESSION TITLE: Novel Education and Assessments of Trainees SESSION TYPE: Rapid Fire Original Inv PRESENTED ON: 10/17/2022 12:15 pm - 1:15 pm PURPOSE: The COVID-19 pandemic led to increased psychological burdens in all ages. As the crisis continues with few signs of abatement, the impact in a university setting is unclear. Very limited literature examines the relationship between religiosity, burnout and mental health. We examined the relationship of religiosity to the prevalence of burnout, depression and anxiety in a university setting. METHODS: We emailed a survey questionnaire to all faculty, staff and students at a single, faith based university in February–March, 2022. The survey contained three validated scales: including the 16-item Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) with sub-domains of eight exhaustion and eight disengagement ratings, the 14-item Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to measure psychological distress, and the 5-item Duke University Religion Index (DUREL). The survey obtained institutional review board approval. RESULTS: One hundred twenty five respondents completed the survey, from 17 faculty, 18 staff and 90 students. The mean (SD) age of respondents was 30 (12) years, with 70% female. Burnout thresholds determined with a mean score of ≥ 2.25 for exhaustion and ≥ 2.10 for disengagement revealed a prevalence of 32% and 73%, respectively. HAD-depression and HAD-anxiety scores ≥ 8 were reported by 41% and 62% of respondents, respectively. Higher disengagement and exhaustion scores correlated with symptoms of depression and anxiety (all p < 0.001). Sixty-one participants (49%) attended a church service at least once or more per week and 46 (37%) spent time in religious activities (e.g. reading the bible and prayer) each day. However, intrinsic religious activities and attending organized religious meetings were not associated with burnout, depression or anxiety (each p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean total OLBI score (burnout) between faculty, staff and students (all p > 0.05). However, faculty had lower anxiety and depression scores compared to staff and students (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: • A high level of burnout prevails in this academic institution during this pandemic. One-third of respondents had symptoms of exhaustion, and over 70% reported a disengaged attitude. • Over 40% of respondents potentially experience clinically relevant depression, and 60% experience clinically relevant anxiety. • Religious activities were not associated with burnout, depression or anxiety. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: • Academic institutions should focus on providing coping strategies (promote awareness, offer education, and maintain robust referral systems) to alleviate the symptom burdens of burnout, depression and anxiety among faculty, staff and students alike. • The role of religiosity in this faith based setting is unclear. Religiosity may impart a more protective benefit in non-ecumenical universities. DISCLOSURES: No relevant relationships by Candice Williams No relevant relationships by Abebaw Yohannes

What are musculoskeletal first contact practitioners experiences of clinical models of practice in primary care? - A descriptive survey

Keywords: First Contact Practitioner Purpose: The First Contact Practitioner (FCP) role has seen a rapid increase within the last decade in order to meet the increasing demands of the GP workforce, whilst providing effective models of care and streamlined pathways for patients presenting in primary care. The FCP role delivers a direct point of access for patients, providing assessment, diagnosis and management of MSK conditions. However, to date there is a limited understanding of the current models of FCP clinical practice and how FCP clinicians view them. Objectives: To gain a greater understanding of the current models of FCP practice and how FCP clinicians perceive these clinics. Methods: A non-experimental, cross-sectional descriptive survey was distributed electronically to FCP clinicians working in primary care. Ethical approval was gained from Coventry University Ethics Committee. Recruitment of FCP's was conducted between March and April 2021 with a non-probability, snowballing sampling method. The survey firstly collected data regarding clinician demographics such as;professional qualifications;duration of clinical practice;duration of time as an FCP. Secondly, their clinical model including;appointment format and duration;administrative time;and other non-patient facing time such as supervision and professional development. Thirdly, FCP perceptions of their current model of practice with the use of the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) Likert scale. And finally, open ended questions were incorporate allowing more detailed response of what clinicians perceived currently worked well and not so well in their model of practice. Results: A total of 129 FCP's completed the questionnaire. The majority of respondents were chartered physiotherapists, with a mean qualification duration of 11-15 years. A large proportion 81.5% had been working within the FCP role for three years or less. The survey was conducted during the COVID 19 pandemic, 72% of respondents reported a clinical model alteration, utilising telephone or video consultation as a first point of triage, direct contact for clinical assessment only if deemed necessary. Face to face appointment durations of 20 min were reported by 52.75% of FCPs;however, 45.7% of clinicians felt appointments were too short. Regular supervision was reported by 31.8% of FCPs and regular CPD by 39.2%. Overall workload was considered too much by 58.9% of respondents. Analysis of the OLBI scale demonstrated all clinicians scored either moderate burnout (20.9%) or high burnout (79.1%), with no one scoring low. Conclusion(s): The FCP role presents the exciting opportunity for development of advanced practice skills, whilst providing excellent care pathways to patients presenting with MSK conditions. This study highlighted high levels of burnout and unsatisfactory workloads from FCP clinicians. This is concerning for the longevity and sustainability of the FCP role considering a large proportion of respondents had worked in the role less than 3 years. Impact: This research demonstrates the importance of the inclusion of administrative time, clinical supervision, professional development and consideration of appointment duration when developing FCP clinical models of practice. Further consideration of this may be advocated in clinicians who are less experienced and newer to the role. Funding acknowledgements: This work was not funded

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of Oldenburg Burnout Inventory for Chinese nurses.

AIM: This study aims to develop a reliable and validate Chinese version of Oldenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI). DESIGN: A cross-sectional validation design was adopted in this study. METHODS: After obtaining the copyright by contacting with the author, the original English OLBI was developed to Chinese by forward translation, back-translation, cultural adaptation and a pre-test (20 nurses). The Chinese OLBI and Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were administered to 641 clinical nurses during July and August, 2020. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α coefficient), split reliability (split half coefficient), construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis) and criterion validity (comparison with MBI, using Pearson correlation analysis) were assessed. RESULTS: The Chinese OLBI included 16 items. Exploratory factor analysis extracted two factors with a cumulative contribution of 62.245%. Two-dimensional structure (exhaustion and disengagement) was confirmed. It has good internal consistency (Cronbach's α coefficient values of 0.905, 0.933 and 0.876 for the total questionnaire, exhaustion dimension and disengagement dimension, respectively), split half reliability (split half coefficient = 0.883, p < .01) and criterion validity (r = 0.873, p < .01). Pearson coefficients between 16 items and the scale varied from 0.479-0.765. An acceptable model fit (χ2 /df = 2.49, RMSEA = 0.068, TLI = 0.906, CFI = 0.922, SRMR = 0.061) was achieved.